Part1 theodolite surveying in hindi parts of theodolite, varnier scale, duration. Theodolites are similar to total stations, except that the total stations are used when the. Here in we have gathered some pdf lectures on surveying. Learn how to compute a traverse by hand or using excel and properly adjust the measured values of a closed traverse to achieve mathematical closure. Traverse with read internal angles, using the 360 graduation. A theodolite is a surveying instrument that dates back to the 16th century, and its used to measure horizontal and vertical angles. Doc introduction to theodolite farhan qasim academia. Theodolite survey application in height and distance measurements. Surveying notes pdf book starts with the topics distance measurement conventions and methods, theodolite, description, uses, and adjustments. Balancing the closed traverse in land surveying tomas u. Traverse surveying definition, types, methods, checks civil. Punmia, ashok kumar jain, arun kumar jain surveying vol. Theodolite components of a theodolite introduction the theodolite is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles.
Theodolites how does a theodolite work theodolite vs. Surveying easiest method to find missing length and bearing of closed traverse in hindi duration. Theodolite traversing 1 presented by siddiqui mohammed junaid assistant professor department of civil. Aait, department of civil engineering 2 lecture note. Three point problem in plane table surveying resection method using tracing paper method. Procedure for surveying the given open field closed traverse note. This article includes the definition of traverse surveying along with its classification, errors in traversing, checks, the completed method of traversing and plotting of traverse survey. The type of survey which involves a number of connected survey lines and form a frame work is called traverse surveying in traverse surveying the length and direction of any survey line can be measured with any direction measuring instrument such as compass, theodolite and for measuring length chain or tape can be used. The theodolite s base is threaded for easy mounting on a tripod. Traverse networks involved placing the survey stations along a line or path of travel, and then using the previously surveyed points as a base for.
Leveling systems are fitted for accurate installation of theodolites. In these surveys, control is achieved by positioning details on the ground which may be identified in images. It is a very important instrument in plane surveying. Theodolite types of theodolite survey, digital parts. The surveying in which the curvature of earth is neglected and is assumed to be a flat surface the vertical line is indicated be the direction of a freely suspended plumb bob. Intersection method of detailed plotting is most suitable for a forests b urban areas c hilly areas d plains.
Theodolite, basic surveying instrument of unknown origin but going back to the 16thcentury english mathematician leonard digges. Theodolite traverse survey surveying accuracy and precision. Ipenz, auckland city, nz college of architecture, qassim university, buraidah city, ksa email address. Theodolite surveying theodolite the theodolite is a most accurate surveying instrument mainly used for.
All theodolites have similar constructional features regardless of their age or level of technology, and all perform basically the same functions. Surveying is a very important part of civil engineering. Traversing by compass and theodolite the traverse in which the length of the traverse leg is directly measured by taping or chainging on the ground and the bearing of the. Additionally it is necessary to add information which may provide a proper interpretation of the structure of coastal features. This article includes the definition of traverse surveying along with its. Which of the following doesnt involve the method of traversing. Homepage ace gate materials gate material surveying civil engineering ace engineering academy gate 2015 material free download pdf. The theodolite is a complex instrument used mainly for accurate measurement of horizontal and vertical angle up to 10 or 20 depending upon the least count of the instrument. Theodolite is a measurement instrument utilized in surveying to determine horizontal and vertical angles with the tiny low telescope that may move within the horizontal and vertical planes. Learn the principles of running a closed field traverse. Theory and examination problems for students, volume 1, third edition discusses topics concerning engineering surveying techniques and instrumentations.
The angles are measured using a theodolite and the distance is. To use theodolite, it is necessary to know about theodolite parts, types of theodolite and for what it is used wisely in the field. Useful features in the form of software can be added to an electronic theodolite. A suitable position to establish survey stations a, b, c, d are selected. The theodolite is an instrument that is used to measure angles, with an accuracy varying from 1 to 60. Distance of the follower from the starting point is a 4 chains b 6 chains c 120 m d 180m ans. Modern theodolites have a telescope that can be mounted to a swivel which can move both horizontally and vertically, and the crosshairs allow you to make accurate alignments with the target object. The type of survey which involves a number of connected survey lines and form a frame work is called traverse surveying in traverse surveying the length and direction of any survey line can be measured with any direction measuring instrument such as compass,theodolite and for measuring length chain or tape can be used. Fm 5233 types of traverse construction surveying makes use of two basic types of traverse open traverse and closed traverse. Surveying lecture notes pdf difference between dumpy level and auto. In this laboratory, individual group members paces and a compass were used to determine rough values for the lengths and relative angles of the traverse legs. Y the survey instrument theodolite or level instrument. In some cases, much of the topographic surveying may be undertaken via photogrammetric processes. The method in which the magnetic bearings of traverse lines are measured by a theodolite.
A traverse is a form of control survey used in a wide variety of engineering and property surveys. The theodolite helps us a good within the engineering field. Fm 5233 types of traverse construction surveying makes use of two basic types of traverseopen traverse and closed traverse. Changing face it is the operation of bringing the vertical circle to the right of the observer,if originally it is to the left, and vice versa. Traverse surveying traverse is a method in the field of surveying to establish control networks. Pdf balancing the closed traverse in land surveying. A single horizontal plane of reference is selected. A traverse is a series of connected lines whose lengths and directions are to be measured and the process of surveying to find such measurements is known as traversing. Theodolite is a scientific most precise and versatile surveying instrument used for measuring angles directions in the horizontal and vertical planes. Thus modern instruments can be used in a variety of surveying situations. It is not possible to check the consistence of angles and distance measurement. Fieldworks covered in this manual include chain surveying, plane table surveying, theodolite traverse surveying, leveling.
Traverse in surveying civil survey engineering civil. Theodolites, land surveying theodolites, land surveying. It is extensively used for the measurement of vertical and horizontal angles for scaling. In its modern form it consists of a telescope mounted to swivel both. It is a basic course for all universities for civil engineers.
If in a closed traverse, the sum of the north latitudes is more than the sum of the south latitudes and. Theodolite traversing, purpose and principles of theodolite. Aug 17, 2016 theodolite traversing, purpose and principles of theodolite traversing 1. The traverse survey are again classified into chain. Theodolite traversing is a method of establishing control points, their position being determined by measuring the distances between the traverse stations which serve as control points and the angles subtended at the various stations by their adjacent stations. Ce 104 practical surveying sessional lab manual ahsanullah. Surveying traverse surveying traverse distance traverse methods of computing area a simple method that is useful for rough area estimates is a graphical method in this method, the traverse is plotted to scale on graph paper, and the number of squares inside the traverse are counted a d c b distance traverse methods of computing area a c.
The first surveying exercise included is a traverse pacing exercise. Chapter 1 discusses the basic concepts of surveying. Differentiate between each type in terms of its construction. This instrument plays a major role in measurement horizontal angles, vertical angles, bearing, etc. Essentially, traverses are a series of established stations tied together by angle and distance. Civil engineeringsurveying during chaining along a straight line, the. It is an electronic machine which looks sort of a tiny telescope. Traverse networks involved placing the survey stations along a line or path of travel, and then using the previously surveyed points as a base for observing the next point.
Traversing is that type of survey in which a number of connected survey lines form the framework and the. Surveying questions and answers theodolite traverse. Surveying instruments theodolites brighthub engineering. D egreesminutesseconds d ecimal degrees 1 0 2 3 12 1 8 1 1 4 2. Theodolite traversing, purpose and principles of theodolite traversing 1. Theodolites are essential surveying instruments used for the measurement of horizontal and vertical angles. Types of surveying on the basis of whether the curvature of the earth is taken into account or not, surveying can be divided into two main categories. How to use a digital theodolite part 1 of 2 ce240 video tutorial series. Traverse computations part 1 theodolite 4 vertical and horizontal measurement theodolite 4 vertical and horizontal measurement, oten building and construction.
In general, chains are used to measure length and compass or theodolite are used to measure the direction of traverse lines. Ibrahim mahamid civil engineering department, engineering faculty, university of hail, ksa. Civil engineering surveying important mcq pdf all exam. The traditional use has been for land surveying, but they are also used extensively for building and infrastructure construction, and some specialized applications such as meteorology and rocket launching. To make close traverse survey planimetric control of a parcel of ground within. The theodolites base is threaded for easy mounting on a tripod. The theodolite is a most accurate surveying instrument mainly used for. Firstly revolve the telescope through 1800 in a vertical plane and. Because of its various uses, the theodolite is sometimes known as universal instrument. The bestknown procedure for calculating land areas is. It starts at a point of known position and terminates at a point of unknown position.
A theodolite works by combining optical plummets or plumb bobs, a spirit bubble level, and graduated circles to find vertical and horizontal angles in surveying. Theory 1 descesc beribe ttehe ppoceduerocedure of settsett ging out of sspeimple circular curve by i perpendicular offset from tangent, and ii rankines method of tangential. Theodolites are similar to total stations, except that the total stations are used when the distances. Table of contents penn state college of engineering. Jun 08, 2016 part1 theodolite surveying in hindi parts of theodolite, varnier scale, duration. A traverse is developed by measuring the distance and. Essentially, traverses are a series of established stations tied together by angle and. Jun 04, 2010 survey report on theodolite traversing.
A theodolite traverse is a method of control survey, which is used to establish a. Angles are measured by theodolites or total stations. Sep 04, 2016 surveying easiest method to find missing length and bearing of closed traverse in hindi duration. Theodolite surveying free download as powerpoint presentation. The entire procedure for chain surveying can be divided into three major groups. Basic surveying theory and practice for performing certain mathematical operations with angles, it is sometimes easier to convert to decimal degrees first, perform the necessary math, then convert back to degrees, minutes, and seconds. Pdf this descriptive research focuses on the role of land surveying in. Engi3703 surveying and geomatics fall 2007 memorial university of newfoundland 1 closed traverse objectives. It is important to know about theodolite,theodolite survey pdf,theodolite survey calculation,theodolite parts,theodolite diagram,types of theodolite,instruments used in theodolite surveying,theodolite surveying ppt download,digital theodolite,types of theodolite,theodolite diagram,digital theodolite1,optical theodolite,theodolite price,how to. Traverse surveying definition, types, methods, checks.
The latest theodolites have infrared distance measuring devices, for which regular infrared inspection is essential. Next, a level circuit around old main lawn was completed. Setting out grades ranging curves tacheometric survey 4. It is important to know about theodolite, theodolite survey pdf, theodolite survey calculation, theodolite parts, theodolite diagram,types of theodolite,instruments used in theodolite surveying, theodolite surveying ppt download,digital theodolite,types of theodolite, theodolite diagram,digital theodolite1,optical theodolite, theodolite price,how to. Concept of surveying definition of surveying, classification, principle. Here you can download the free lecture notes of surveying pdf notes, materials with multiple file links to download. Doc theodolite traverse survey and tachymetry survey hong g. The accuracy with which these angles can be measured ranges from 5mins to 0,1 secs. The book is comprised of eight chapters that cover several concerns in engineering survey. The first volume focuses on both the theoretical concepts and their practical applications. We hope students all over the world will find it helpful. Part1 theodolite surveying in hindi parts of theodolite, varnier scale. Open traverse an open traverse figure 71 originates at a.
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